原文已被隐藏，你可用 快捷键 - 或点击 显示原文 按钮来查看原文
第一段
1 .Good morning everyone.
大家早上好。
2 .Now whether you’re going to university to study business or some other subject,
现在，无论你是去大学学习商业还是其他的一些科目，
3 .many of you will eventually end up working for a company of some kind.
很多人最终都是为某个公司工作。
第二段
1 .Now, when you first start working somewhere you will realise that the organisation you’ve joined has certain characteristics.
现在，当你在某处第一次开始工作的时候，你会意识到，你所加入的组织有一定的特点。
2 .And we often refer to these social characteristics as the culture of the organisation-this includes its unwritten ideas, beliefs, values and things like that.
我们经常称这些社会特性为组织文化，包括它的不成文的思想、信仰、价值观和类似的东西。
3 .One well known writer has classified company cultures by identifying four major types.
一个著名的作家将公司文化分为四种主要类型。
第三段
1 .The first type is called the Power Culture, and it’s usually found in small organisations.
第一种被称为权力文化，这通常都被发现在小型组织内。
第四段
1 .It’s the type of culture that needs a central source of power to be effective,
它是一种需要中央权力来源有效的文化，
2 .and because control is in the hands of just one or two people there aren\\\'t many rules or procedures.
因为控制权在一两个人的手中，也没有很多的规则或程序。
3 .Another characteristic is that communication usually takes the form of conversations rather than, say, formal meetings or written memos.
另一个特点是交流通常采用对话的形式，而不是像正式会议或书面备忘录。
4 .Now one of the benefits of this culture is that the organisation has the ability to act quickly,
这种文化的好处之一就是，该组织有能力迅速行动，
5 .so it responds well to threat, or danger on the one hand, and opportunity on the other.
所以它可以一方面很好地应对危机和危险，另一方面很好地面对机会。
第五段
1 .But on the negative side, this type of organisation doesn’t always act effectively,
但消极方面，这类组织不能总是有效应对，
2 .because it depends too much on one or two people at the top,
因为它过于依赖顶层的一两个人，
3 .and when these people make poor decisions there’s no-one else who can influence them.
而当这些人做出错误决定，没人能影响他们。
第六段
1 .And the kind of person who does well in this type of business culture is one who is happy to take risks,
并且可以在这类组织做的很好的人都是喜欢冒险的，
2 .and for whom job security is a low priority.
对他们，职业安全感优先级很低。
第七段
1 .The next type is known as Role Culture-that\\\'s R-O-L-E, not R-O-double L, by the way,
下一个类型被称为角色文化，顺便说一下，是R-O-L-E，不是R-O-两个L。
2 .and this type is uaually found in large companies, which have lots of different levels in them.
这种类型通常是在大型公司，他们有很多不同的层级。
3 .These organisations usually have separate departments that specialise in things like finance, or sales, or maintenance, or whatever.
这些组织通常有单独的部门专门从事像金融，或销售，或维修，或其它什么的。
4 .Each one is co-ordinated at the top by a small group of senior managers,
每一个部门由顶层的一小部分高级经理来协调，
5 .and typically everyone’s job is controlled by sets of rules and procedures - for example, there are specific job descriptions, rules for discipline, and so on.
通常经理每个人的工作都是由规则和工作流程来管控的，例如，有特定的职位工作说明、纪律条例等等。
第八段
1 .What are the benefits of this kind of culture?
这种文化的好处是什么？
2 .Well firstly, because it’s found in large organisations,
首先，因为它在大型组织中，
3 .its fixed costs or over head as they are known are low in the relation to its outputs or what it produces.
它的固定成本或已知的管理费用，相对它的产出或产生，是很低的。
4 .In other words it can achieve economies of scale.
换句话说，它可以实现规模经济。
5 .And secondly, it is particularly successful in business markets where technical expertise is important.
其次，在技术专长很重要的商业市场中，它尤其是成功的。
6 .On the other hand, this culture is often very slow to recognise the need forchange, and even slower to react.
另一方面，这种文化往往非常缓慢才能认识到改变的需要，甚至更慢才应对。
7 .What kind of person does this type of culture suit?
这种文化类型适合什么样的人？
8 .Well it suits employees who value security, and who don’t particularly want to have responsibility.
它很适合那些看重职业安全感、且不太愿意承担责任的员工。
第九段
1 .Moving on now to Task Cultures-this type is found in organistations that are project-oriented.
现在到任务文化 - 这个类型通常存在于项目导向的组织内。
2 .You usually find it where the market for the company’s product is extremely competitive or where the products themselves have a short life-span.
公司产品的市场竞争非常激烈或产品本身的生命周期短暂的地方，通常会有这一类。
3 .Usually top management delegates the projects, the people and other resources.
高层管理者通常授权项目，人和其他资源。
4 .And once these have been allocated, little day-to-day control is exercised from the top,
一旦这些被分配， 就甚少有从上级的日常管控，
5 .because this would seem like ‘breaking the rules’.
因为这似乎是“打破规则”。
第十段
1 .Now one of the major benefits of this culture is that it’s flexible.
现在，这种文化的主要优点之一是它的灵活性。
2 .But it does have some major disadvantages too.
但它也有一些主要缺点。
3 .For instance, it can’t produce economies of scale or great depth of expertise.
例如，它不能产生规模经济或深度的专业知识。
4 .People who like working in groups or teams prefer this type of culture.
喜欢在团队中工作的人更喜欢这种类型的文化。
第十一段
1 .And finally, the fourth category is called the Person Culture…
最后，第四种类型被称为个人文化…