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第一段
1 .So far, in these lectures, we've been looking at crimes like robbery and murder, both from historical viewpoint and also in contemporary society.
到目前为止，在这些讲座中，我们一直在从历史和当代社会的角度看待抢劫和谋杀等犯罪，
2 .And we've seen that the preoccupation of Western society with crime and with lawlessness is part of a long and continuous tradition, rather than something which is new and unique to modern society.
我们已经看到西方社会对犯罪和无法无天的关注是长期和持续传统的一部分，而不是现代社会的新鲜和独特的东西。
第二段
1 .But over the past 70 years or so, there has been a massive increase in one type of crime, which is what's known as corporate crime.
但在过去七十年左右的时间里，一种犯罪大幅增加，这就是所谓的公司犯罪。
2 .Corporate crime is crime which, as the name suggests, is connected with companies, with business organizations.
公司犯罪是犯罪，顾名思义，与公司，商业组织有关。
3 .It includes illegal acts of either individuals or a group within the company.
它包括个人或公司内部团体的非法行为，
4 .But what is important is that these acts normally in accordance with the goals of the company.
但重要的是这些行为通常符合公司的目标。
5 .They're for the good of the company rather than the individual.
它们是为了公司的利益而不是个人的利益。
6 .It's been defined as, quote, crime which is committed for the corporate organization - the company - not against it, unquote.
它被定义为，引用，“为公司组织犯下的罪行” - 公司 - “不反对它”，取消引用。
第三段
1 .So crimes like theft by employees - things like... err... embezzlement or fraud against one's actual employer are excluded according to this definition.
因此，根据这一定义，雇员盗窃等犯罪 - 例如贪污或欺诈对实际雇主的欺诈。
2 .The employees maybe involved but they're acting in the first place for the company.
员工可能参与其中，但他们首先是为公司行事。
3 .They may not even realize they're commit a crime or they may realize but they feel it's excusable because it's policy, or because otherwise they may lose their jobs.
他们甚至可能没有意识到自己在犯罪，或者他们可能意识到，但他们觉得这是可以原谅的，因为这是政策，或者因为否则他们可能会失去工作。
4 .So here, really, we're talking about the links between power and crime.
所以在这里，真的，我们谈论的是权力和犯罪之间的联系。
第四段
1 .Now, this is one area that much less is generally known about than conventional or traditional crime.
现在，这是一个比传统或传统犯罪更不为人所知的领域。
2 .It has been relatively ignored by the mass media.
大众媒体相对忽视了这个问题。
3 .For example, it tends to be under-reported in comparison with conventional crime in news broadcasts, and in crime serials and films and so on.
例如，与新闻广播、犯罪连续剧和电影等中的传统犯罪相比，它往往报道不足。
4 .They very rarely deal with corporate crime.
它们很少涉及公司犯罪。
5 .And it also tends to be ignored in academic circles - there's been far more research on conventional crime and far more data is available.
而且它在学术界也往往被忽视 - 对传统犯罪的研究要多得多，可用的数据也多得多。
第五段
1 .There are several reasons for this lack of interest in corporate crime, compared with other types of crime.
与其他类型的犯罪相比，对公司犯罪缺乏兴趣有几个原因。
2 .It's often very complex, whereas conventional crime it's usually possible to follow what's going on without specialist knowledge.
它通常非常复杂，而对于传统犯罪，通常可以在没有专业知识的情况下跟踪正在发生的事情。
3 .As well as this, whereas conventional crime usually has a lot of human interest, corporate crime often has much less.
除此之外，传统犯罪通常有很多人情味，而公司犯罪往往要少得多。
4 .The third reason, and possibly the most significant one, is that very often that victims are unaware.
第三个原因，也可能是最重要的一个，是受害者往往没有意识到。
5 .They think their misfortune is an accident, or that is the fault of no one in particular.
他们认为他们的不幸是意外，或者这不是任何人的错。
6 .They're unaware that they've been victims of a crime.
他们不知道自己是犯罪的受害者。
第六段
1 .So, when we look at the effects of corporate crime we may find it's very difficult to assess the costs.
因此，当我们研究公司犯罪的影响时，我们可能会发现很难评估成本。
2 .But these costs can be very considerable in both their economic and social aspects.
但这些成本在经济和社会方面都可能非常可观。
第一段
1 .Let's look at the economic costs first.
让我们先看看经济成本。
2 .For example, if a company is producing fruit juice and it dilutes its product so that it's just a little below the concentration it should be, many millions of people may be paying a small amount extra for their carton of orange juice.
例如，如果一家公司正在生产果汁，并且它稀释了其产品，使其略低于应有的浓度，那幺数百万人可能会为他们的橙汁盒支付少量额外费用。
3 .Now small amounts like this may seem insignificant for individual customers - too small to worry about - but for the company this deception might result in massive illegal profit.
现在，像这样的小额资金对于个人客户来说似乎微不足道 - 太小而不必担心 - 但对于公司来说，这种欺骗可能会导致巨额非法利润。
4 .However, all studies of corporate crime agree that the individuals are in fact deprived of far more money by such crime than they are by conventional crime like robbery and theft.
然而，所有关于公司犯罪的研究都同意，事实上，个人被这种犯罪剥夺的钱比抢劫和盗窃等传统犯罪要多得多。
第二段
1 .In addition to this, we have to consider the social costs of corporate crime and these are again very difficult to assess, but they're considerable.
除此之外，我们还必须考虑公司犯罪的社会成本，这些成本同样很难评估，但它们是相当大的。
2 .They're important because they can undermine the faith of the public in the business world and also, more importantly, because the main group of people they affect are.
它们之所以重要，是因为它们会破坏公众对商业世界的信心，更重要的是，因为它们影响的主要人群。
3 .In fact, not the richer sections of society but the poorer - so here companies are robbing the poor to benefit the rich.
实际上不是社会中较富裕的部分，而是较贫穷的人——所以在这里，公司正在抢劫穷人以使富人受益。
第三段
1 .There're two more points to do with corporate crime that I'd like to illustrate with reference to a specific event which occurred several years ago.
关于公司犯罪，还有两点我想通过几年前发生的一个具体事件来说明。
2 .This was an explosion of a large oil tanker which caused the loss of more than fifty lives of the crew.
这是一艘大型油轮的爆炸，造成五十多名船员丧生。
3 .It was an explosion which never should have happened and a subsequent inquiry laid the blame not on anyone who had actually been on the tanker at the time, but on the owners of the tanker.
这是一次本不应该发生的爆炸，随后的调查没有将责任归咎于当时实际在油轮上的任何人，而是归咎于油轮的所有者。
4 .They had deliberately decided not to carry out necessary repair work on the tanker as it was due to be sold, and it was this lack of repair work which was directly responsible for the explosion.
他们故意决定不对即将出售的油轮进行必要的修理工作，而正是这种缺乏修理工作直接导致了爆炸。
第四段
1 .Now this illustrates two points to do with corporate crime.
现在，这说明了与公司犯罪有关的两点。
2 .First of all, that it does not have to be intentional.
首先，它不一定是故意的。
3 .The owners of the tanker certainly did not intend it to explode.
油轮的船主当然不打算爆炸。
4 .But very serious consequences can result from people or organizations not considering the possible results of their actions seriously enough.
但是，如果个人或组织没有足够认真地考虑其行为的可能结果，可能会导致非常严重的后果。
5 .The main crime here was indifference to the human results rather than actual intention to harm anyone, but that didn't make the results any less tragic.
这里的主要罪行是对人类结果的漠不关心，而不是伤害任何人的实际意图，但这并没有使结果变得不那么悲惨。
第五段
1 .And this leads me to my second point - that corporate crime can have very severe consequences.
这就引出了我的第二点——公司犯罪可能会产生非常严重的后果。
2 .It's not just a matter of companies making bigger profits than they should do, but of events which may affect the lives of innocent people, and yet very often companies, because they say they didn't intend to harm anyone, can avoid taking responsibility for the results of their actions.
这不仅仅是公司赚取比他们应该做的更大的利润的问题，而是可能影响无辜人民生活的事件，但很多时候，公司，因为他们说他们无意伤害任何人，可以避免对他们的行为结果负责。
3 .And that has been a very dangerous loophole in the law.
这是法律中一个非常危险的漏洞。
第六段
1 .A further example of corporate crime was...
公司犯罪的另一个例子是...