考满分 ielts

1 .Good afternoon I As you know... it's Environment Week,

下午好，正如大家所知……现在是环境周，

2 .and that seems like a good time to focus on one of the most special places in the world ... the Ross Sea,

这似乎正是关注世界上最特别的地方之一……罗斯海的好时机，

3 .and its associated fishing industry, which is largely focussed on the Antarctic toothfish.

以及与之相关的渔业，该渔业主要捕捞南极犬牙鱼。

1 .Now ... back in 2008,

那么……早在2008年，

2 .this part of the Antarctic, that is the Ross Sea - which by the way makes up only about 3% of the Southern Ocean - was rated as being the 'least-changed environmet' s on the planet.

南极的这一部分，也就是罗斯海——顺便说一句，它只占南大洋的约3%——曾被评为地球上‘变化最小的环境’。

3 .In fact,it's been described by one source as 'a living laboratory, a link with evolution' and it teems with fascinating and unusual sea and mammal life.

事实上，有资料将它描述为‘一座活的实验室，一条与进化相连的纽带’，这里充满了迷人而奇特的海洋生物和哺乳动物。

4 .So there have been urgent pleas for the Ross Sea to be given some kind of permanent protection.

因此，一直有人紧急呼吁给予罗斯海某种永久性的保护。

1 .What are the issues facing the area, then?

那么，这一地区面临哪些问题呢？

2 .Well, aside from the huge problem of global warming that threatens all of the Antarctic oceans and the ice cap,

嗯，除了威胁整个南极海洋和冰盖的全球变暖这一巨大问题之外，

3 .most of these are associated with the fishing vessels that come into the Ross Sea.

这些问题大多与进入罗斯海的渔船有关。

4 .As well as the usual things like general rubbish and sewage pollution from these boats,

除了这些船只产生的普通垃圾和污水污染等常见问题之外，

5 .the most significant potential danger is an oil and diesel spill from a fishing boat that is either damaged or sunk due to the thick ice.

最重大的潜在危险是渔船因厚冰而受损或沉没，导致石油和柴油泄漏。

6 .In January 2012, a Korean fishing vessel caught fire in the Ross Sea,

2012年1月，一艘韩国渔船在罗斯海起火，

7 .with the loss of at least three lives - although luckily an oil spill was averted.

造成至少三人丧生——不过幸运的是，石油泄漏得以避免。

8 .In late 2011, another Korean ship, the In Sung Number 1, sank with 22 lives lost,

2011年末，另一艘韩国船只‘仁成1号’沉没，22人丧生，

9 .although the rest of the crew were saved by other fishing boats in the area.

不过其余船员被该区域的其他渔船救起。

1 .Again, in December 2011, another vessel, the Sparta,

同样，2011年12月，另一艘船只‘斯巴达号’，

2 .caused an international furore when It was holed and stranded in pack ice in the Southern Ocean - that one was Russian.

在南大洋的浮冰中船体被击穿并被困，引发了国际哗然——那艘船是俄罗斯的。

3 .New Zealand planes had to fly missions to drop off water pumps and other essential equipment and supplies to the ship - ah... remember that the crews of such flights are put at extreme risk on such long flights,

新西兰的飞机不得不执行任务，向该船空投水泵及其他必要设备和物资——啊……请记住，在这类长途飞行中，机组人员面临着极大的风险，

4 .as the weather can become stormy at very short notice.

因为天气可能在极短的时间内变得狂风暴雨。

5 .All in all, it was a miracle that this ship was able to be repaired and moved from the area without a significant leakage of fuel.

总而言之，这艘船能够被修好并驶离该区域而没有发生严重的燃料泄漏，简直是个奇迹。

6 .So, apart from the potential for environmental problems from the boats, and the danger to fishermen working in this hostile environment,

所以，除了船只可能带来的环境问题，以及渔民在这种恶劣环境中工作的危险之外，

7 .there's also the matter of the cost and danger of providing support in a crisis.

还有在危机中提供支援的成本和危险问题。

1 .And ...you know...there's a lot of pressure on the fishing crews to make the most of the brief weather window during which boats can operate so far south,

而且……你知道……捕鱼船员承受着很大压力，要充分利用船只能够在如此靠南的地方作业的短暂天气窗口，

2 .so they tend to keep fishing no matter what the weather is like ...

所以他们往往不顾天气如何都继续捕鱼……

3 .which means that errors of judgement are more likely.

这意味着判断失误的可能性更大。

4 .The officially authorised fishing fleet has a quota or limit and each boat is hoping to get the biggest share possible of the total allowable catch.

官方授权的捕捞船队有配额或限额，每艘船都希望从总可捕量中获得尽可能大的份额。

5 .Then, of course, there are the illegal boats - that means the boats operating without permits - they just try to catch as much as possible regardless - and the vessels may not even be In a suitable condition to be operating in these icy southern waters.

然后，当然，还有非法船只——也就是没有许可证而作业的船只——它们只是不顾一切地尽可能多捕——而且这些船甚至可能根本不具备在南方这些冰冷水域作业的合适条件。

1 .Consequently, a key issue is the decimation of the species.

因此，一个关键问题是该物种的大量减少。

2 .Now, how much do we know about this particular fish? The Antarctic toothfish inhabit very cold Antarctic seas, usually between 200 metres to two kilometres deep.

那么，我们对这种特殊的鱼了解多少呢？南极犬牙鱼栖息在极冷的南极海域，通常在水深200米到两千米之间。

3 .They are large creatures...

它们是大型生物……

4 .rather ugly... and they are slow-growing.

相当丑陋……而且生长缓慢。

5 .Although they live up to approximately fifty years,

尽管它们的寿命大约可达五十年，

6 .it seems they only reach sexual maturity after about sixteen years.

但它们似乎要到大约十六年后才达到性成熟。

7 .Also, very little is yet known about their life cycle - things like where they spawn,

此外，人们对它们的生活史还知之甚少——比如它们在哪里产卵，

8 .or what happens to the young ones before they are ready to breed.

或者幼鱼在能够繁殖之前会经历什么。

9 .We do know that the adult fish are near the top of the food chain - but we need to know much more about the juvenile forms - things like: what they look like,

我们确实知道成年鱼处于食物链的顶端——但我们需要更多地了解幼鱼形态——比如：它们长什么样，

10 .where they spend those early years and ... ah... what sort of predators go after them.

它们早年生活在哪里，还有……啊……它们会遭到哪些捕食者的猎食。

1 .OK - so the fishing season in the Ross Sea spans December to February.

好——那么罗斯海的捕鱼季从十二月持续到二月。

2 .It's estimated that close to three and a half thousand tonnes of Antarctic toothfish have been taken annually since the fishery opened in 1996 - this represents approximately one hundred thousand fish per year.

据估计，自1996年渔场开放以来，每年捕获的南极犬牙鱼接近三千五百吨——这相当于每年大约十万条鱼。

3 .I must add, though, that in the last couple of years overall catches have been reduced due to overfishing and the decline in total fish numbers.

不过我必须补充一点，过去几年由于过度捕捞和鱼类总数下降，总捕获量已经减少。

4 .There's no record, of course, of the numbers of fish caught by illegal fishing boats.

当然，非法渔船捕获的鱼数量没有记录。

1 .Um... those in the Antarctic toothfish industry claim that the short fishing season and the difficulties faced by the boats in this inhospitable climate

嗯……南极犬牙鱼产业的人声称，短暂的捕鱼季以及渔船在这种恶劣气候下面临的困难

2 .provide their own natural limits on fishing.

本身就构成了对捕捞的自然限制。

3 .They say that the industry is concerned to preserve fish stocks,

他们说该产业关心保护鱼类资源，

4 .and they assert that, with careful management and monitoring, the fishery is sustainable. However,

并断言，通过精心管理和监测，渔业是可以持续的。然而，

5 .others dispute that this is the case,

其他人对此说法提出异议，

6 .especially given the distances involved and the difficulties faced in trying to manage and monitor fishing boats in such a remote location.

尤其是考虑到所涉及的距离，以及在如此偏远的地方试图管理和监测渔船所面临的困难。

1 .In the Ross Sea area,

在罗斯海地区，

2 .a conservative estimate suggests that fish stocks have declined by about 20 per cent over the past 16 years.

一项保守估计表明，过去16年间鱼类资源下降了约20%。

3 .But in fact there is not enough accurate research to support such claims ...

但事实上，没有足够准确的研究来支持这种说法……

4 .the figure could be even higher.

这个数字可能还要更高。

5 .Leading scientists who specialise in this issue are calling for a Marine Protection Area,

专门研究这个问题的顶尖科学家正在呼吁建立海洋保护区，

6 .or MPA, with a total ban on fishing,

简称MPA，彻底禁止捕鱼，

7 .but so far this has not been achieved.

但到目前为止这还没有实现。

8 .Right - so that's an introduction.

好——那么这就是一个介绍。

9 .Now, let' s watch a short video before we discuss your next assignment...

现在，在我们讨论你们的下一个作业之前，先看一段短片……